Subject: Voices from the highlands: Spotlight on the Lahu people and their struggle for rights and representation

In two new commentaries, TNI describes their lives and struggle for rights and representation in a land enveloped in civil war.
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Myanmar is a land of vibrant ethnic diversity. But, as conflict continues, the sufferings have spread to communities in every part of the country. Among the least reported are the Lahu, a highland people of unique culture and self-reliant traditions, who live in Shan State. Their world is now under threat. In two new commentaries, TNI describes their lives and struggle for rights and representation in a land enveloped in civil war.



These commentaries are intended to contribute to a broader understanding of the many challenges facing the country and its peoples.

See the complete list of all the Myanmar commentaries.

In Which Direction is the Lahu National Cause Heading?

A Myanmar Commentary by Kyar Ui

Villagers playing traditional instruments in celebration of the Lahu New Year | Aik Long

Characteristics of the Lahu people

The Lahu population in Shan State, Myanmar, can mainly be found to the east of the Salween River. There are no reliable statistics. But here they are the second largest nationality group after the Shan. Smaller numbers reside in the Tanyang area of northern Shan State and in the Kholam area in the south. In particular, about 100,000 Lahu people are inhabitants of the Wa region in eastern Shan State. Unlike such peoples as the Wa and Kokang, however, the Lahu were not afforded the recognition of a self-administered ‘zone’ or ‘division’ under the 2008 constitution. Further afield,  Lahu communities can also be found in China, Thailand, Vietnam and Laos.


The Lahu people can generally be divided into different sub-groups, each identifying itself by the colour of their traditional dress. The two biggest groups are the Black Lahu and the Yellow Lahu. The Lahu also have their own language which for many centuries was only known in spoken form. In the 1970s, however, Western Christian missionaries started to develop a Lahu script, mainly to translate and publish the bible in Lahu language, and as a result the written Lahu language uses the Roman alphabet.

 

Until the present day, the Lahu are known to be good story tellers. One important tale that is passed down through the generations is their tale of origin. According to this story, the Lahu in Myanmar originated from Yunnan Province, China. Upon their arrival, they started to live upon the mountain tops of Shan State after being chased away from their ‘Mvuh Meh Mi Meh’, as they call their original homeland.2 As a result, the Lahu do not like to live under the authority of other people and have often been regarded as ‘unruly’ in history.

People, Food and Land

Lessons from the Lahu highlands

A Myanmar Commentary by TNI

Lahu villagers wrap pork meat in banana leaves in preparation for New Year celebrations |Kyar Ui

It is late afternoon, an hour or two before daylight fades into twilight. A young Lahu woman picks up firewood and places it in a basket. Rising to her feet, she feels a hint of a chill in the air, for it is December after all. She is used to having to dress warmer to deal with the cold inside the house, and so are her mother and father. But it is her baby brother that she fears for. Thus she bends down to fetch more firewood, just in case.


Inside the house, the young woman’s mother is cleaning grains of rice with water. After such a hard day of work in the poppy field, she decides to add another bowl of rice to the pot. Following her husband’s advice, she lets go of her worry about how much rice they will have left by the time New Year comes around. Merely weeks away, the Lahu New Year celebration never fails to excite her, but a little part of her dreads the upcoming hours of making rice cakes to serve as gifts for visitors. Yet, perhaps that is a small price to pay for seven days of communal gathering, dancing and feasting.


Meanwhile, the family’s father takes the basket of firewood from their daughter and squats down to start the fire. The young woman sits down near her baby brother’s crib as she begins to prepare the other ingredients for tonight’s dinner. Once the rice is well cooked, the father sets it aside, making room for other pots to cook vegetables, onion, garlic, chilli paste, and to the mother’s delight – a small amount of red meat shared with them by a hunting party who returned a couple of days prior.


As the family gathers around the fire with their hungry bellies, the mother gives the dishes a quick taste. As a final touch she adds a little bit of salt, and an indulgent amount of ajinomoto (MSG) – and dinner is served.


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